Finished syntactical definitions
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@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ unspecified number of printable ascii characters and escape codes.
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Escape Codes
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| Code | Meaning |
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| - | - |
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| -- | -- |
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| `\n` | Line Feed |
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| `\r` | Return Carriage |
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| `\0` | Null Character |
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@ -185,8 +185,10 @@ A `File` can contain any number of the following elements:
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#### Directive
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Just a `directive`, their content is stored here for later when directive
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compilation occurs.
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Just a `directive`.
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**pytd12dk implementation detail**: Their content is stored here for later when
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directive compilation occurs.
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#### struct
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@ -215,14 +217,14 @@ followed by an equal sign (`=`) and a `number literal`.
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A `function` begins with the `fn` keyword, which may optionally be preceded
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with the `pub` keyword. It then has its `identifier` followed by a comma (`,`)
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separated list enclosed in parentheses (`(` and `)`) of *function arguments*.
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separated list enclosed in parentheses (`(` and `)`) of *function parameters*.
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After that is an arrow (`->`) followed by a `data type` denoting the function's
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return type. After that is a list enclosed in curly braces (`{` and `}`) of
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`statements`.
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##### Function Arguments
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##### Function Parameter
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A *function argument* begins with its `identifier`, followed by a colon (`:`)
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A *function parameter* begins with its `identifier`, followed by a colon (`:`)
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and its `data type`. It may then optionally be followed by an equal sign (`=`)
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and a `literal`.
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@ -236,17 +238,17 @@ by an `else block`.
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#### Do Loop
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A `do loop` begins with the `do` keyword, followed by a list enclosed in curly
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braces (`{` and `}`) of `statements` or `loop statements`. It is then finished
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braces (`{` and `}`) of `statements`. It is then finished
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with the `while` keyword, followed by its condition, an `expression` enclosed
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in parentheses (`(` and `)`). It may then optionally be followed by another list
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enclosed in curly braces (`{` and `}`) of `statements` or `loop statements`then
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enclosed in curly braces (`{` and `}`) of `statements` then
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again optionally by an `else block`.
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#### While Loop
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A `while loop` begins with the `while` keyword, followed by its condition, an
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`expression` enclosed in parentheses (`(` and `)`), then a list enclosed in
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curly braces (`{` and `}`) of `statements` or `loop statements`. It may then
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curly braces (`{` and `}`) of `statements`. It may then
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optionally be followed by an `else block`.
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#### For Loop
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@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ enclosed in parentheses (`(` and `)`), separated by semicolons (`;`). The first
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expression is a *pre-loop expression*, the second is its condition which is a
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normal `expression`, and the last is its post-loop expression which is another
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normal `expression`. It is ended with a list enclosed in curly braces
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(`{` and `}`) of `statements` or `loop statements`. It may then optionally be
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(`{` and `}`) of `statements`. It may then optionally be
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followed by an `else block`.
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##### Pre-Loop Expression
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@ -284,73 +286,238 @@ equal sign (`=`) and an `expression`. It must then be finished with a semicolon
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##### Unary Expression
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A `unary expression` is made up of one `expression` and one `unary operator`.
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The operator may come before or after the expression.
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##### Binary Expression
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##### Other Expressions
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###### Function Parameters
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A `binary expression` is made up of one `expression`, then one
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`binary operator`, then another `expression`.
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##### Ternary Expression
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A `ternary expression` is made up of one `expression` which is the condition,
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then a question mark (`?`) followed by two `expression`s separated by a colon
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(`:`).
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##### Function Call
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A `function call` starts with an `identifier` followed by a comma (`,`)
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separated list enclosed in parentheses (`(` and `)`) of *function arguments*.
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###### Function Argument
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A *function argument* is an `expression` that may optionally be preceded by an
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`identifier` which is immediately followed by an equal sign (`=`).
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##### Array Subscription
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An `array subscription` starts with an `identifier` followed by an `expression`
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enclosed in square brackets (`[` and `]`).
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##### Enclosed Expression
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An `enclosed expression` is simply an `expression` enclosed in parentheses
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(`(` and `)`).
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##### Operators
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###### Prefix Unary Operators
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| Operator | Name |
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| -- | -- |
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| `++` | Prefix Increment *Operator* |
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| `--` | Prefix Decrement *Operator* |
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| `-` | Negate *Operator* |
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| `~` | Bitwise NOT *Operator* |
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| `!` | Boolean NOT *Operator* |
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| `@` | Address of *Operator* |
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| `$` | Dereference *Operator* |
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###### Postfix Unary Operators
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###### Infix Binary Operators
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| Operator | Name |
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| -- | -- |
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| `++` | Postfix Increment *Operator* |
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| `--` | Postfix Decrement *Operator* |
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###### Binary Operators
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| Operator | Name |
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| -- | -- |
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| `+` | Addition *Operator* |
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| `-` | Subtraction *Operator* |
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| `*` | Multiplication *Operator* |
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| `/` | Division *Operator* |
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| `%` | Modulus *Operator* |
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| `&` | Bitwise AND *Operator* |
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| `\|` | Bitwise OR *Operator* |
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| `^` | Bitwise XOR *Operator* |
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| `<<` | Left Shift *Operator* |
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| `>>` | Right Shift *Operator* |
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| `=` | Assignment *Operator* |
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| `+=` | Addition Assignment *Operator* |
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| `-=` | Subtraction Assignment *Operator* |
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| `*=` | Multiplication Assignment *Operator* |
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| `/=` | Division Assignment *Operator* |
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| `%=` | Modulus Assignment *Operator* |
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| `&=` | Bitwise AND Assignment *Operator* |
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| `\|=` | Bitwise OR Assignment *Operator* |
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| `^=` | Bitwise XOR Assignment *Operator* |
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| `<<=` | Left Shift Assignment *Operator* |
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| `>>=` | Right Shift Assignment *Operator* |
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| `&&` | Boolean AND *Operator* |
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| `\|\|` | Boolean OR *Operator* |
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| `==` | Equality Comparison *Operator* |
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| `!=` | Inequality Comparison *Operator* |
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| `<` | Less Than *Operator* |
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| `<=` | Less or Equal to Than *Operator* |
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| `>` | Greater Than *Operator* |
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| `>=` | Greater or Equal to Than *Operator* |
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###### Operator Precedence and Types
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Here are all operators and their types and names.
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| Operator | Type | Name |
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| -- | -- | -- |
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| `@` | Unary (Prefix) | Address of *Operator* |
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| `$` | Unary (Prefix) | Dereference *Operator* |
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| `~` | Unary (Prefix) | Bitwise NOT *Operator* |
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| `--` | Unary (Postfix) | Postfix Decrement *Operator* |
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| `++` | Unary (Postfix) | Postfix Increment *Operator* |
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| `--` | Unary (Prefix) | Prefix Decrement *Operator* |
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| `++` | Unary (Prefix) | Prefix Increment *Operator* |
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| `-` | Unary (Prefix) | Negate *Operator* |
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| `!` | Unary (Prefix) | Boolean NOT *Operator* |
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| `>>` | Binary | Right Shift *Operator* |
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| `<<` | Binary | Left Shift *Operator* |
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| `^` | Binary | Bitwise XOR *Operator* |
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| `\|` | Binary | Bitwise OR *Operator* |
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| `&` | Binary | Bitwise AND *Operator* |
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| `%` | Binary | Modulus *Operator* |
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| `/` | Binary | Division *Operator* |
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| `*` | Binary | Multiplication *Operator* |
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| `-` | Binary | Subtraction *Operator* |
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| `+` | Binary | Addition *Operator* |
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| `>=` | Binary | Greater or Equal to Than *Operator* |
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| `>` | Binary | Greater Than *Operator* |
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| `<=` | Binary | Less or Equal to Than *Operator* |
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| `<` | Binary | Less Than *Operator* |
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| `!=` | Binary | Inequality Comparison *Operator* |
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| `==` | Binary | Equality Comparison *Operator* |
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| `\|\|` | Binary | Boolean OR *Operator* |
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| `&&` | Binary | Boolean AND *Operator* |
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| `>>=` | Binary | Right Shift Assignment *Operator* |
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| `<<=` | Binary | Left Shift Assignment *Operator* |
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| `^=` | Binary | Bitwise XOR Assignment *Operator* |
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| `\|=` | Binary | Bitwise OR Assignment *Operator* |
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| `&=` | Binary | Bitwise AND Assignment *Operator* |
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| `%=` | Binary | Modulus Assignment *Operator* |
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| `/=` | Binary | Division Assignment *Operator* |
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| `*=` | Binary | Multiplication Assignment *Operator* |
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| `-=` | Binary | Subtraction Assignment *Operator* |
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| `+=` | Binary | Addition Assignment *Operator* |
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| `=` | Binary | Assignment *Operator* |
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**pytd12dk implementation detail**: Operators are selected in reverse order by
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by the syntactical analyzer:
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| Operator | Name |
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| -- | -- |
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| `=` | Assignment *Operator* |
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| `+=` | Addition Assignment *Operator* |
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| `-=` | Subtraction Assignment *Operator* |
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| `*=` | Multiplication Assignment *Operator* |
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| `/=` | Division Assignment *Operator* |
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| `%=` | Modulus Assignment *Operator* |
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| `&=` | Bitwise AND Assignment *Operator* |
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| `\|=` | Bitwise OR Assignment *Operator* |
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| `^=` | Bitwise XOR Assignment *Operator* |
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| `<<=` | Left Shift Assignment *Operator* |
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| `>>=` | Right Shift Assignment *Operator* |
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| `&&` | Boolean AND *Operator* |
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| `\|\|` | Boolean OR *Operator* |
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| `==` | Equality Comparison *Operator* |
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| `!=` | Inequality Comparison *Operator* |
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| `<` | Less Than *Operator* |
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| `<=` | Less or Equal to Than *Operator* |
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| `>` | Greater Than *Operator* |
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| `>=` | Greater or Equal to Than *Operator* |
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| `+` | Addition *Operator* |
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| `-` | Subtraction *Operator* |
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| `*` | Multiplication *Operator* |
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| `/` | Division *Operator* |
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| `%` | Modulus *Operator* |
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| `&` | Bitwise AND *Operator* |
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| `\|` | Bitwise OR *Operator* |
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| `^` | Bitwise XOR *Operator* |
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| `<<` | Left Shift *Operator* |
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| `>>` | Right Shift *Operator* |
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| `!` | Boolean NOT *Operator* |
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| `-` | Negate *Operator* |
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| `++` | Prefix Increment *Operator* |
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| `--` | Prefix Decrement *Operator* |
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| `++` | Postfix Increment *Operator* |
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| `--` | Postfix Decrement *Operator* |
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| `~` | Bitwise NOT *Operator* |
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| `$` | Dereference *Operator* |
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| `@` | Address of *Operator* |
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#### Literal
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##### Number Literal
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##### Character Literal
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##### String Literal
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A `literal` is just simply the content of the literal. There are three types of
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literals:
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- Number Literal
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- Character Literal
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- String Literal
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#### Identifier
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A `identifier` is just simply the name of the identifier.
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#### Data Type
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A `data type` is made up of an `identifier` or `default data type`, and may
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optionally be preceded by an at symbol (`@`).
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##### Default Data Types
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There are four default data types represented by the following keywords:
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- `unsigned`
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- `int`
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- `fixed`
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- `float`
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#### Statement
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##### Nestable Code Blocks
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##### Loop Statements
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A `statement` is made up of a `statement` followed by a semicolon (`;`), a
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`let statement`, a `loop statement`, or a `nestable code block`.
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##### Nestable Code Block
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There are four `nestable code block`s:
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- `if statement`
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- `do loop`
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- `while loop`
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- `for loop`
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##### Loop Statement
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A `loop statement` are either the keyword `continue` or `break` followed by a
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semicolon (`;`).
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### Semantics
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### Scratch Area
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#### Operator Operand Counts
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- Unary: `++`, `--`, `@`, `$`
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- Binary: `[ ]`, `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`, `~`, `&`, `|`, `^`, `<<`, `>>`, `=`,
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`+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, `%=`, `&=`, `|=`, `^=`, `<<=`, `>>=`, `!`, `&&`, `||`,
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`==`, `!=`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`
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- Ternary: `? :`
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#### Operator Precedence
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- Assignment: `=`, `+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, `%=`, `&=`, `|=`, `^=`, `<<=`, `>>=`
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- Ternary Operator: `? :`
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- Equality and order testing: `==`, `!=`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`
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- Boolean logic: `!`, `&&`, `||`
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- Arithmetic: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`
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- Bitwise: `~`, `&`, `|`, `^`, `<<`, `>>`
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- Increment and decrement: `++`, `--`
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- Reference and dereference: `@`, `$`, `[ ]`
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#### Keywords
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- Types: `unsigned`, `int`, `fixed`, `float`
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- Structural: `if`, `else`, `do`, `while`, `for`, `break`, `continue`
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- Constants: `True`, `False`, `None`
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- Other: `struct`, `fn`, `enum`, `static`, `pub`, `let`
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#### Delimiters
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```
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. -> , ( )
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{ } [ ] ;
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:
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```
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#### Escape Codes
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| Code | Meaning |
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| - | - |
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| -- | -- |
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| `\0` | Null Character |
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| `\a` | Alert (Beep, Bell) |
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| `\b` | Backspace |
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