From f4ddfaff77e1e35f4c5ec7dcc0f1dfcc0cfbc2c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kyler <kylerolsen17@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2025 01:10:24 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] Added mc_types::helpers

---
 src/mc_types.rs         | 294 ++++++++++------------------------------
 src/mc_types/helpers.rs | 257 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 329 insertions(+), 222 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/mc_types/helpers.rs

diff --git a/src/mc_types.rs b/src/mc_types.rs
index 01cf4a3..3cd4be9 100644
--- a/src/mc_types.rs
+++ b/src/mc_types.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 // Yeahbut December 2023
+// Refactored September 2025
 
 mod error;
 mod protocol;
 mod packet;
+mod helpers;
 
 use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
 
 pub use crate::mc_types::error::PacketError;
 pub use crate::mc_types::protocol::{ProtocolRead, ProtocolConnection};
 pub use crate::mc_types::packet::{Result, Packet, PacketArray};
+use crate::mc_types::helpers::*;
 
 pub const VERSION_NAME: &str = "1.21";
 pub const VERSION_PROTOCOL: i32 = 767;
@@ -16,261 +19,108 @@ pub const VERSION_PROTOCOL: i32 = 767;
 const SEGMENT_BITS: u8 = 0x7F;
 const CONTINUE_BIT: u8 = 0x80;
 
+pub trait McType: Sized {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self>;
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8>;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct UUID(pub u128);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct VarInt(pub i32);
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct VarLong(pub i64);
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Chat {
     pub text: String,
 }
 
-pub fn get_bool(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> bool {
-    data.remove(0) != 0
-}
-pub fn convert_bool(value: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec![value as u8]
+impl McType for bool {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_bool(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_bool(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_u8(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u8 {
-    data.remove(0)
-}
-pub fn convert_u8(value: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec![value]
+impl McType for u8 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_u8(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_u8(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_i8(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i8 {
-    get_u8(data) as i8
-}
-pub fn convert_i8(value: i8) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_u8(value as u8)
+impl McType for i8 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_i8(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_i8(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_u16(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u16 {
-    ((data.remove(0) as u16) << 8) |
-    (data.remove(0) as u16)
-}
-pub fn convert_u16(value: u16) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec![
-        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
-        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
-    ]
+impl McType for u16 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_u16(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_u16(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_i16(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i16 {
-    get_u16(data) as i16
-}
-pub fn convert_i16(value: i16) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_u16(value as u16)
+impl McType for i16 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_i16(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_i16(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_u32(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u32 {
-    ((data.remove(0) as u32) << 24) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u32) << 16) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u32) << 8) |
-    (data.remove(0) as u32)
-}
-pub fn convert_u32(value: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec![
-        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 24) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 16) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
-        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
-    ]
+impl McType for u32 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_u32(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_u32(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_i32(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i32 {
-    get_u32(data) as i32
-}
-pub fn convert_i32(value: i32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_u32(value as u32)
+impl McType for i32 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_i32(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_i32(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_f32(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> f32 {
-    get_u32(data) as f32
-}
-pub fn convert_f32(value: f32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_u32(value as u32)
+impl McType for f32 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_f32(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_f32(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_u64(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u64 {
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 56) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 48) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 40) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 32) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 24) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 16) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 8) |
-    (data.remove(0) as u64)
-}
-pub fn convert_u64(value: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec![
-        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000) >> 56) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF000000000000) >> 48) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000000000) >> 40) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00000000) >> 32) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 16) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
-        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
-    ]
+impl McType for u64 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_u64(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_u64(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_i64(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i64 {
-    get_u64(data) as i64
-}
-pub fn convert_i64(value: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_u64(value as u64)
+impl McType for i64 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_i64(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_i64(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_f64(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> f64 {
-    get_u64(data) as f64
-}
-pub fn convert_f64(value: f64) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_u64(value as u64)
+impl McType for f64 {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_f64(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_f64(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_uuid(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u128 {
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 120) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 112) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 104) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 96) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 88) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 80) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 72) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 64) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 56) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 48) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 40) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 32) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 24) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 16) |
-    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 8) |
-    (data.remove(0) as u128)
-}
-pub fn convert_uuid(value: u128) -> Vec<u8> {
-    vec![
-        ((value & 0xFF000000000000000000000000000000) >> 120) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000000000000000000000000000) >> 112) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000000000000000) >> 104) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF000000000000000000000000) >> 96) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000000000000000000000) >> 88) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000000000) >> 80) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF000000000000000000) >> 72) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000000000000000) >> 64) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000) >> 56) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF000000000000) >> 48) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000000000) >> 40) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00000000) >> 32) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 16) as u8,
-        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
-        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
-    ]
-}
-pub fn uuid_u128_to_string(uuid: u128) -> String {
-    let uuid_bytes = convert_uuid(uuid);
-    format!(
-        "{:08x}-{:04x}-{:04x}-{:04x}-{:012x}",
-        get_u32(&mut vec![
-            uuid_bytes[0],
-            uuid_bytes[1],
-            uuid_bytes[2],
-            uuid_bytes[3],
-        ]),
-        get_u16(&mut vec![uuid_bytes[4], uuid_bytes[5]]),
-        get_u16(&mut vec![uuid_bytes[6], uuid_bytes[7]]),
-        get_u16(&mut vec![uuid_bytes[8], uuid_bytes[9]]),
-        get_u64(&mut vec![
-            0,
-            0,
-            uuid_bytes[10],
-            uuid_bytes[11],
-            uuid_bytes[12],
-            uuid_bytes[13],
-            uuid_bytes[14],
-            uuid_bytes[15],
-        ]),
-    )
-}
-pub fn uuid_string_to_u128(uuid: &str) -> Result<u128> {
-    let cleaned_uuid = uuid.replace("-", "");
-    if cleaned_uuid.len() != 32 {
-        return Err(Box::new(PacketError::InvalidUUIDString));
-    }
-    Ok(u128::from_str_radix(&cleaned_uuid, 16)?)
+impl McType for UUID {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_uuid(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_uuid(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_var_int(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<i32> {
-    Ok(get_var(data, 32)? as i32)
-}
-pub fn convert_var_int(value: i32) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_var(value as i64)
-}
-
-pub fn get_var_long(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<i64> {
-    get_var(data, 64)
-}
-pub fn convert_var_long(value: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
-    convert_var(value)
-}
-
-fn get_var(data: &mut Vec<u8>, size: u8) -> Result<i64> {
-    let mut value: i64 = 0;
-    let mut position: u8 = 0;
-
-    loop {
-        if data.is_empty() {
-            return Err(Box::new(PacketError::RanOutOfBytes));
-        }
-
-        let current_byte = data.remove(0);
-        value |= ((current_byte & SEGMENT_BITS) as i64) << position;
-
-        if (current_byte & CONTINUE_BIT) == 0 {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        position += 7;
-
-        if position >= size {
-            return Err(Box::new(PacketError::ValueTooLarge));
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(value)
-}
-fn convert_var(mut value: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let mut data: Vec<u8> = vec![];
-    loop {
-        if (value & !(SEGMENT_BITS as i64)) == 0 {
-            data.append(&mut vec![value as u8]);
-            return data;
-        }
-        data.append(
-            &mut vec![(value & (SEGMENT_BITS as i64)) as u8 | CONTINUE_BIT]);
-        value >>= 7;
+impl UUID {
+    fn to_string(&self) -> String { uuid_u128_to_string(*self) }
+    fn from_string(str_data: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        uuid_string_to_u128(str_data)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn get_string(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<String> {
-    let length = get_var_int(data)? as usize;
-    let buffer = data[..length].to_vec();
-    for _ in 0..length { data.remove(0); }
-    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer).to_string())
-}
-pub fn convert_string(s: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let length = s.len() as i32;
-    let mut data = convert_var_int(length);
-    data.append(&mut s.as_bytes().to_vec());
-    data
+impl McType for VarInt {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_var_int(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_var_int(*self) }
 }
 
-pub fn get_byte_array(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
-    let length = get_var_int(data)? as usize;
-    let buffer = data[..length].to_vec();
-    for _ in 0..length { data.remove(0); }
-    Ok(buffer)
+impl McType for VarLong {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_var_long(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_var_long(*self) }
 }
-pub fn convert_byte_array(mut s: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let length = s.len() as i32;
-    let mut data = convert_var_int(length);
-    data.append(&mut s);
-    data
+
+impl McType for String {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_string(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_string(*self) }
+}
+
+impl McType for Vec<u8> {
+    fn get(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> { Ok(get_byte_array(data)) }
+    fn convert(&self) -> Vec<u8> { convert_byte_array(*self) }
 }
diff --git a/src/mc_types/helpers.rs b/src/mc_types/helpers.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73e481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mc_types/helpers.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Yeahbut September 2025
+
+use crate::mc_types::*;
+
+pub fn get_bool(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> bool {
+    data.remove(0) != 0
+}
+pub fn convert_bool(value: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![value as u8]
+}
+
+pub fn get_u8(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u8 {
+    data.remove(0)
+}
+pub fn convert_u8(value: u8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![value]
+}
+
+pub fn get_i8(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i8 {
+    get_u8(data) as i8
+}
+pub fn convert_i8(value: i8) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_u8(value as u8)
+}
+
+pub fn get_u16(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u16 {
+    ((data.remove(0) as u16) << 8) |
+    (data.remove(0) as u16)
+}
+pub fn convert_u16(value: u16) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![
+        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
+        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
+    ]
+}
+
+pub fn get_i16(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i16 {
+    get_u16(data) as i16
+}
+pub fn convert_i16(value: i16) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_u16(value as u16)
+}
+
+pub fn get_u32(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u32 {
+    ((data.remove(0) as u32) << 24) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u32) << 16) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u32) << 8) |
+    (data.remove(0) as u32)
+}
+pub fn convert_u32(value: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![
+        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 24) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 16) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
+        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
+    ]
+}
+
+pub fn get_i32(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i32 {
+    get_u32(data) as i32
+}
+pub fn convert_i32(value: i32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_u32(value as u32)
+}
+
+pub fn get_f32(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> f32 {
+    get_u32(data) as f32
+}
+pub fn convert_f32(value: f32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_u32(value as u32)
+}
+
+pub fn get_u64(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u64 {
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 56) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 48) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 40) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 32) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 24) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 16) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u64) << 8) |
+    (data.remove(0) as u64)
+}
+pub fn convert_u64(value: u64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![
+        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000) >> 56) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF000000000000) >> 48) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000000000) >> 40) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00000000) >> 32) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 16) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
+        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
+    ]
+}
+
+pub fn get_i64(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> i64 {
+    get_u64(data) as i64
+}
+pub fn convert_i64(value: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_u64(value as u64)
+}
+
+pub fn get_f64(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> f64 {
+    get_u64(data) as f64
+}
+pub fn convert_f64(value: f64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_u64(value as u64)
+}
+
+pub fn get_uuid(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> u128 {
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 120) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 112) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 104) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 96) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 88) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 80) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 72) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 64) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 56) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 48) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 40) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 32) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 24) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 16) |
+    ((data.remove(0) as u128) << 8) |
+    (data.remove(0) as u128)
+}
+pub fn convert_uuid(value: u128) -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![
+        ((value & 0xFF000000000000000000000000000000) >> 120) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000000000000000000000000000) >> 112) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000000000000000) >> 104) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF000000000000000000000000) >> 96) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000000000000000000000) >> 88) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000000000) >> 80) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF000000000000000000) >> 72) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000000000000000) >> 64) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00000000000000) >> 56) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF000000000000) >> 48) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000000000) >> 40) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00000000) >> 32) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF0000) >> 16) as u8,
+        ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8) as u8,
+        (value & 0xFF) as u8,
+    ]
+}
+pub fn uuid_u128_to_string(uuid: u128) -> String {
+    let uuid_bytes = convert_uuid(uuid);
+    format!(
+        "{:08x}-{:04x}-{:04x}-{:04x}-{:012x}",
+        get_u32(&mut vec![
+            uuid_bytes[0],
+            uuid_bytes[1],
+            uuid_bytes[2],
+            uuid_bytes[3],
+        ]),
+        get_u16(&mut vec![uuid_bytes[4], uuid_bytes[5]]),
+        get_u16(&mut vec![uuid_bytes[6], uuid_bytes[7]]),
+        get_u16(&mut vec![uuid_bytes[8], uuid_bytes[9]]),
+        get_u64(&mut vec![
+            0,
+            0,
+            uuid_bytes[10],
+            uuid_bytes[11],
+            uuid_bytes[12],
+            uuid_bytes[13],
+            uuid_bytes[14],
+            uuid_bytes[15],
+        ]),
+    )
+}
+pub fn uuid_string_to_u128(uuid: &str) -> Result<u128> {
+    let cleaned_uuid = uuid.replace("-", "");
+    if cleaned_uuid.len() != 32 {
+        return Err(Box::new(PacketError::InvalidUUIDString));
+    }
+    Ok(u128::from_str_radix(&cleaned_uuid, 16)?)
+}
+
+pub fn get_var_int(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<i32> {
+    Ok(get_var(data, 32)? as i32)
+}
+pub fn convert_var_int(value: i32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_var(value as i64)
+}
+
+pub fn get_var_long(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<i64> {
+    get_var(data, 64)
+}
+pub fn convert_var_long(value: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    convert_var(value)
+}
+
+fn get_var(data: &mut Vec<u8>, size: u8) -> Result<i64> {
+    let mut value: i64 = 0;
+    let mut position: u8 = 0;
+
+    loop {
+        if data.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Box::new(PacketError::RanOutOfBytes));
+        }
+
+        let current_byte = data.remove(0);
+        value |= ((current_byte & SEGMENT_BITS) as i64) << position;
+
+        if (current_byte & CONTINUE_BIT) == 0 {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        position += 7;
+
+        if position >= size {
+            return Err(Box::new(PacketError::ValueTooLarge));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(value)
+}
+fn convert_var(mut value: i64) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut data: Vec<u8> = vec![];
+    loop {
+        if (value & !(SEGMENT_BITS as i64)) == 0 {
+            data.append(&mut vec![value as u8]);
+            return data;
+        }
+        data.append(
+            &mut vec![(value & (SEGMENT_BITS as i64)) as u8 | CONTINUE_BIT]);
+        value >>= 7;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_string(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<String> {
+    let length = get_var_int(data)? as usize;
+    let buffer = data[..length].to_vec();
+    for _ in 0..length { data.remove(0); }
+    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer).to_string())
+}
+pub fn convert_string(s: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let length = s.len() as i32;
+    let mut data = convert_var_int(length);
+    data.append(&mut s.as_bytes().to_vec());
+    data
+}
+
+pub fn get_byte_array(data: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
+    let length = get_var_int(data)? as usize;
+    let buffer = data[..length].to_vec();
+    for _ in 0..length { data.remove(0); }
+    Ok(buffer)
+}
+pub fn convert_byte_array(mut s: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let length = s.len() as i32;
+    let mut data = convert_var_int(length);
+    data.append(&mut s);
+    data
+}