YREA-SLS/docs/lexical_structure.md

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2 Lexical Structure	Overview	Primitive Types

2. Lexical Structure

2.1 Comments

// Single-line comment

2.2 Identifiers

Regular Identifiers

• Start with letter or underscore: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*
• Case-sensitive
• When encountered, identifiers are executed immediately

Identifier Literals

• Prefix with :: to push the identifier itself onto the stack instead of executing it
• Syntax: ::name pushes the identifier name as a value
• Example: ::Addable pushes the identifier Addable onto the stack
• Example: ::Point pushes the identifier Point onto the stack

Advanced Usage: See Section 11.2 for complete identifier literal rules and context-dependent behavior.

2.3 Literals

Integer Literals

42          // i64 (default)
42:i32      // Annotate as i32
0xFF        // hexadecimal
0b1010      // binary

Floating Point Literals

3.14        // f64 (default)
3.14:f32    // Annotate as f32

String Literals

"hello world"
"escape sequences: \n \t \\ \""

Escape Sequences

• \n - Newline (LF)
• \r - Carriage return (CR)
• \t - Tab
• \\ - Backslash
• \" - Double quote
• \' - Single quote
• \0 - Null character
• \xNN - Hexadecimal byte (e.g., \x41 for 'A')
• \u{NNNN} - Unicode code point (e.g., \u{1F600} for 😀)

Boolean Literals

true
false

Array Literals

[1 2 3 4 5]              // array of i32
[1.0 2.0 3.0]            // array of f64
[[1 2] [3 4]]            // 2D array

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